Script Editor / Rhai reference

Scripting / repeatable image work.

PaintFE embeds Rhai v1.25, a fast, safe, sandboxed scripting language. Scripts run on the active layer's pixels and can call built-in effects, manipulate individual pixels, perform math, and watch their progress live on the canvas.

LANGUAGERhai v1.25

SCOPEActive layer

MODELSandboxed

STARTFirst script →

Opening the Script Editor

Go to View → Script Editor in the menu bar. The editor opens as a floating panel. You can move, resize, or collapse it independently of the canvas.

The editor toolbar has four buttons:

▶ Run: Execute the current script against the active layer.
■ Stop: Cancel a running script at any time.
Live: Toggle live canvas updates during sleep() calls.
Save / Load: Manage saved scripts. Scripts persist to disk between sessions.

Your First Script

Let's write a script that inverts every pixel in the image:

hello_invert.rhai

// Invert all pixels
map_channels(|r, g, b, a| {
    [255 - r, 255 - g, 255 - b, a]
});
print("Done! Canvas inverted.");

Click ▶ Run and your canvas flips to its negative. Click Ctrl+Z to undo.

TIP

Scripts always run on the active layer. Make sure you've selected the layer you want to edit in the Layers panel before running your script.

Language Basics (Rhai)

Rhai syntax is close to Rust and JavaScript. Here's everything you need to write useful scripts:

language_basics.rhai

// Variables: use `let`
let x = 42;           // integer (i64)
let f = 3.14;          // float (f64)
let name = "hello";   // string
let flag = true;       // boolean

// Arithmetic
let sum = x + 10;        // 52
let half = f / 2.0;     // 1.57

// Type conversion (Rhai is strict!)
let as_float = x.to_float();  // 42.0
let as_int = f.to_int();       // 3 (truncates)

// if / else
if x > 10 {
    print("big");
} else {
    print("small");
}

// while loop
let i = 0;
while i < 5 {
    print(i);
    i += 1;
}

// for loop (range)
for j in 0..10 {       // 0, 1, 2 ... 9
    print(j);
}

// Functions
fn double(v) {
    v * 2           // last expression = return value
}
print(double(7));    // 14

// Arrays
let arr = [10, 20, 30];
print(arr[0]);           // 10
print(arr.len());         // 3

// Closures (used by bulk iteration functions)
let add_ten = |v| v + 10;
// Stored closures must use .call():
print(add_ten.call(5));  // 15

// String concatenation
let msg = "Width: " + width();
print(msg);

WARN

Rhai is strictly typed. You cannot add an integer to a float directly. Use .to_float() or .to_int() to convert. This is the most common beginner stumbling block.

Canvas API

Read-only information about the canvas. These functions never modify the image.

width() → int

Returns the canvas width in pixels.

Example

let w = width(); print("Canvas is " + w + "px wide");

height() → int

Returns the canvas height in pixels.

Example

let h = height(); print("Canvas is " + h + "px tall");

is_selected(x: int, y: int) → bool

Returns true if pixel (x, y) falls within the current selection mask. If there is no active selection, returns true for all pixels, meaning "the entire canvas is selected."

Example: selection-aware invert

for_each_pixel(|x, y, r, g, b, a| { if is_selected(x, y) { [255 - r, 255 - g, 255 - b, a] // returning nothing leaves unselected pixels as-is } });

Pixel API

Direct read/write access to individual pixels. Coordinates are zero-based. Out-of-bounds reads return [0,0,0,0]; out-of-bounds writes are silently ignored.

get_pixel(x: int, y: int) → array [r, g, b, a]

Returns a 4-element array containing the RGBA values (0–255) of the pixel at (x, y).

Example

let px = get_pixel(50, 100); print("Red: " + px[0]); // px[0] = r print("Green: " + px[1]); // px[1] = g print("Blue: " + px[2]); // px[2] = b print("Alpha: " + px[3]); // px[3] = a

set_pixel(x: int, y: int, r: int, g: int, b: int, a: int)

Sets the pixel at (x, y) to the given RGBA values. Values are automatically clamped to 0–255.

Example

set_pixel(50, 100, 255, 0, 0, 255); // bright red, fully opaque set_pixel(51, 100, 0, 255, 0, 128); // 50% transparent green

get_r / get_g / get_b / get_a(x: int, y: int) → int
set_r / set_g / set_b / set_a(x: int, y: int, v: int)

Fast single-channel read/write. When you only need one channel, these avoid the overhead of creating a full pixel array.

Example

let red = get_r(10, 20); set_a(10, 20, 128); // set alpha to 50% without touching RGB

for_each_pixel(|x, y, r, g, b, a| { ... })

Iterates over every pixel. If the closure returns an array [r, g, b, a], that pixel is updated. If the closure returns nothing (empty), the pixel is unchanged. This makes it easy to apply conditional per-pixel logic.

Example: tint red pixels only

for_each_pixel(|x, y, r, g, b, a| { if r > g && r > b { // if red is dominant [clamp(r + 50, 0, 255), g, b, a] } // other pixels: returned nothing → unchanged });

for_region(x: int, y: int, w: int, h: int, |x, y, r, g, b, a| { ... })

Same as for_each_pixel but restricted to a rectangular sub-region starting at (x, y) of size w × h. Much faster than iterating the whole canvas when you only need to affect part of it.

Example: darken top-left 100×100

for_region(0, 0, 100, 100, |x, y, r, g, b, a| { [r / 2, g / 2, b / 2, a] });

map_channels(|r, g, b, a| { ... })

Fastest bulk path. Like for_each_pixel but without x/y coordinates. The closure receives only the channel values and must return [r, g, b, a]. Use this whenever you don't need to know a pixel's position.

Example: boost contrast via S-curve (smoothstep)

map_channels(|r, g, b, a| { let curve = |v| { let n = v.to_float() / 255.0; let s = n * n * (3.0 - 2.0 * n); // smoothstep (s * 255.0).to_int() }; [curve.call(r), curve.call(g), curve.call(b), a] });

Effect API

These functions call PaintFE's built-in image processing kernels. They operate on the entire active layer and are significantly faster than implementing the same effect via per-pixel scripting.

Blur & Denoise

apply_blur(sigma: float)

Gaussian blur. sigma controls the blur radius. Higher = blurrier. Typical range: 0.5–20.0. GPU-accelerated at large values.

Example

apply_blur(3.0);

apply_box_blur(radius: int)

Fast box (averaging) blur. Radius in pixels. Less smooth than Gaussian but fast for large radii.

Example

apply_box_blur(5);

apply_motion_blur(angle: float, distance: float)

Directional blur. angle in degrees (0.0–360.0). distance in pixels.

Example

apply_motion_blur(45.0, 10.0);

apply_sharpen(amount: float)

Unsharp mask sharpening. Typical range: 0.5–5.0.

Example

apply_sharpen(1.5);

apply_reduce_noise(strength: float)

Noise reduction. Range: 0.0–1.0.

Example

apply_reduce_noise(0.5);

apply_median(radius: int)

Median filter. Removes salt-and-pepper noise without blurring edges. Radius ≥ 1.

Example

apply_median(2);

Color & Adjustment

Function	Parameters	Description
`apply_invert()`	None	Invert RGB channels (not alpha)
`apply_desaturate()`	None	Convert to grayscale (BT.601 weights)
`apply_sepia()`	None	Classic sepia tone
`apply_brightness_contrast(b, c)`	b, c: float (−255 to 255)	Brightness + contrast adjustment
`apply_hsl(h, s, l)`	h: −180–180°, s/l: −100–100	Hue/Saturation/Lightness shift
`apply_exposure(ev)`	ev: float (EV stops, ±)	Exposure adjustment
`apply_levels(black, white, gamma)`	black/white: 0–255, gamma: 0.1–10	Levels input/output

Noise

apply_noise(amount: float, monochrome: bool)

Adds noise. amount: 0.0–1.0. monochrome = true adds gray grain; false adds color noise.

Example

apply_noise(0.15, true); // subtle film grain apply_noise(0.3, false); // color noise

Distort

Function	Parameters	Effect
`apply_pixelate(size)`	size: int (block px)	Mosaic / pixelation
`apply_crystallize(size)`	size: int (cell px)	Voronoi crystal shards
`apply_bulge(amount)`	amount: float (neg = pinch)	Spherical distortion
`apply_twist(angle)`	angle: float (degrees)	Swirl / twist distortion

Stylize

Function	Parameters	Effect
`apply_glow(radius, intensity)`	radius: float, intensity: float 0–1	Soft bloom
`apply_vignette(strength, softness)`	both: float 0–1	Edge darkening
`apply_halftone(dot_size)`	dot_size: float	Halftone dots

Artistic

Function	Parameters	Effect
`apply_ink(strength, threshold)`	both: float 0–1	Edge-detect line art
`apply_oil_painting(radius)`	radius: int ≥ 1	Oil painting simulation

Transform API

Geometric transforms for the active layer or the entire canvas. Layer-only functions transform just the active layer. Canvas-wide functions transform every layer and may change overall canvas dimensions.

Layer Transforms

These affect only the active layer. No undo overhead beyond the standard single-layer snapshot.

flip_horizontal()

Mirrors the active layer left↔right.

Example

flip_horizontal();

flip_vertical()

Mirrors the active layer top↔bottom.

rotate_180()

Rotates the active layer 180°.

Canvas Transforms

These transform all layers. Canvas rotation by 90° swaps width and height.

flip_canvas_horizontal()

Mirrors every layer left↔right.

flip_canvas_vertical()

Mirrors every layer top↔bottom.

rotate_canvas_90cw()

Rotates every layer 90° clockwise. Swaps canvas width ↔ height.

rotate_canvas_90ccw()

Rotates every layer 90° counter-clockwise. Swaps canvas width ↔ height.

rotate_canvas_180()

Rotates every layer 180°. Dimensions stay the same.

Resize Operations

crop_canvas(x: int, y: int, width: int, height: int)

Crops every layer to a rectangle in pixels. Coordinates start at the top-left corner: x is the distance from the left and y is the distance from the top. Width and height must be positive, and the whole rectangle must fit inside the current canvas. Invalid rectangles fail the script.

Layer masks, the selection and editable text positions follow the crop. In the editor, the whole script is recorded as one undo step. Use resize_image to scale an image; use crop_canvas to keep a specific region without scaling it.

Example: keep a 400 by 300 pixel region

crop_canvas(100, 50, 400, 300);

To save the result under a new name or crop a folder of images, see Crop and Batch Processing below.

resize_image(w: int, h: int, method: string)

Scales every layer to new dimensions. Methods: "nearest", "bilinear" (default), "bicubic", "lanczos". Max 32768×32768.

Example: downscale to 50%

let w = width(); let h = height(); resize_image(w / 2, h / 2, "lanczos");

resize_canvas(w: int, h: int, anchor: string)

Extends or crops the canvas. Content stays at the given anchor position. Anchors: "top-left", "top-center", "top-right", "center-left", "center", "center-right", "bottom-left", "bottom-center", "bottom-right". Short aliases: "tl", "tc", "tr", "cl", "c", "cr", "bl", "bc", "br".

Example: add 100px border

let w = width(); let h = height(); resize_canvas(w + 200, h + 200, "center");

Crop and Batch Processing

Available in native PaintFE 1.4.2 and later. Run the crop in View > Script Editor for the open document, or use the command line to load files, run a script and save the results. The command-line examples below are for the installed desktop app.

Save this as crop.rhai. Each input image must be at least 500 pixels wide and 350 pixels high for this rectangle to fit.

crop.rhai

// Keep 400 x 300 pixels, starting at x=100, y=50.
crop_canvas(100, 50, 400, 300);

Save to a New File

Run this command from the folder containing PaintFE, the script and the input image. It writes cropped.png and keeps original.png unchanged. You can also supply full paths.

Windows PowerShell

.\PaintFE.exe --input original.png --script crop.rhai --output cropped.png

Process Multiple Images

Quote the input pattern so PaintFE expands it. This crops each JPEG in photos and saves a PNG with the same base name in processed, for example photos/holiday.jpg becomes processed/holiday.png.

Windows PowerShell

.\PaintFE.exe --input "photos/*.jpg" --script crop.rhai --output-dir processed --format png

Linux and macOS use the same options. Replace .\PaintFE.exe with the path to your executable, such as ./PaintFE. Quote paths that contain spaces.

INFO

Loading and saving are handled by PaintFE, not by Rhai load() or save() functions. Scripts remain sandboxed with no filesystem or network access.

Existing output files are protected unless you add --overwrite.
Input files cannot be overwritten, even with --overwrite. Choose a different output name or directory.
Duplicate output names abort the batch before any files are written. Use separate output directories if inputs share a base name.
Use --format pfe to preserve editable layers instead of exporting a raster image.

Utility API

Output & Progress

print(message)

Prints any value to the script console. Strings, numbers, arrays, anything goes. No string conversion required.

Example

print("Hello!"); print(42); print("Width: " + width());

sleep(ms: int)

Pauses execution for ms milliseconds (max 10,000ms). When the Live button is active, each sleep() sends the current pixel state to the canvas. You can watch your script work in real time.

Example: animated blur

for i in 0..10 { apply_blur(0.5); // blur a little each step sleep(100); // canvas updates here if Live is on } print("Done!");

progress(fraction: float)

Sets the script progress bar. fraction from 0.0 to 1.0. Call this in loops to show users how far along the script is.

Example

let h = height(); for y in 0..h { // ... process row y ... progress(y.to_float() / h.to_float()); }

Random Numbers

Function	Returns	Notes
`rand_int(min, max)`	int in [min, max)	Upper bound is exclusive
`rand_float(min, max)`	float in [min, max)	Upper bound is exclusive

Math Functions

Function	Signature	Description
`clamp`	`(v, lo, hi: int) → int`	Clamp integer to range
`clamp_f`	`(v, lo, hi: float) → float`	Clamp float to range
`lerp`	`(a, b, t: float) → float`	Linear interpolation: a + (b−a)×t
`distance`	`(x1, y1, x2, y2: float) → float`	Euclidean distance
`abs_i`	`(x: int) → int`	Absolute value (int)
`min_i / max_i`	`(a, b: int) → int`	Min / max of two ints
`min_f / max_f`	`(a, b: float) → float`	Min / max of two floats
`floor / ceil / round`	`(x: float) → float`	Rounding functions
`sqrt`	`(x: float) → float`	Square root
`pow`	`(x, y: float) → float`	x raised to power y
`sin / cos / tan`	`(x: float) → float`	Trig (radians)
`atan2`	`(y, x: float) → float`	Two-arg arctangent
`PI()`	`() → float`	Returns π (3.14159…)

Color Space Conversion

rgb_to_hsl(r: int, g: int, b: int) → array [h, s, l]

Converts RGB (0–255) to HSL. Returns hue (0–360°), saturation (0–100), lightness (0–100).

Example

let hsl = rgb_to_hsl(255, 128, 0); print("Hue: " + hsl[0]); // ~30°

hsl_to_rgb(h: float, s: float, l: float) → array [r, g, b]

Converts HSL to RGB. h: 0–360, s: 0–100, l: 0–100. Returns [r, g, b] (0–255 each).

Example

let rgb = hsl_to_rgb(200.0, 80.0, 50.0); set_pixel(0, 0, rgb[0], rgb[1], rgb[2], 255);

Types

Rhai Type	Notes
`int`	64-bit signed integer (i64). Used for coordinates, channel values (0–255), sizes.
`float`	64-bit float (f64). Used for effect parameters, math results.
`bool`	`true` / `false`
`string`	UTF-8 string. Concatenate with `+`.
`array`	Dynamic typed array: `[1, 2, 3]`. Used for pixel values `[r,g,b,a]`, HSL, etc.

WARN

Rhai is strict: 10 + 3.0 fails. Convert with .to_float() or .to_int(). Similarly: let n = 10; n.to_float() + 3.0 works.

Sandbox Limits

Limit	Value
Max operations per run	50,000,000
Max function call depth	64 levels
Max expression depth	64
Max string length	10,000 characters
Max array size	10,000 elements
Max map size	1,000 entries
sleep() max	10,000 ms per call

Scripts can be cancelled at any time using the ■ Stop button, even during infinite loops.

Full Script Examples

1. Dramatic B&W Photo Finish

bw_finish.rhai

// Classic B&W with contrast boost and vignette
apply_desaturate();
apply_brightness_contrast(10.0, 40.0);
apply_vignette(0.55, 0.3);
print("Done: dramatic B&W applied.");

2. Warm Film Look

warm_film.rhai

// Warm hue shift + grain + vignette
apply_hsl(12.0, 15.0, 0.0);    // warm tone
apply_noise(0.06, true);         // subtle grain
apply_vignette(0.35, 0.5);       // soft edges
print("Warm film look applied.");

3. Freeze Color: Selection-Aware

selection_bw.rhai

// Desaturate everything OUTSIDE the selection
// → keeps selected area in color, rest goes grey
for_each_pixel(|x, y, r, g, b, a| {
    if !is_selected(x, y) {
        let grey = (0.299 * r.to_float()
                  + 0.587 * g.to_float()
                  + 0.114 * b.to_float()).to_int();
        [grey, grey, grey, a]
    }
});

4. Animated Saturation Drain (Live Preview)

saturation_drain.rhai

// Enable Live in the toolbar to watch this run!
let steps = 20;
let i = 0;
while i < steps {
    apply_hsl(0.0, -5.0, 0.0);        // drain 5% sat
    progress(i.to_float() / steps.to_float());
    sleep(200);                          // canvas updates live
    i += 1;
}
print("Colour drain complete!");

5. Radial Distance Tint

radial_tint.rhai

// Tint pixels based on distance from center
let cx = (width() / 2).to_float();
let cy = (height() / 2).to_float();
let max_d = distance(0.0, 0.0, cx, cy);

for_each_pixel(|x, y, r, g, b, a| {
    let d = distance(x.to_float(), y.to_float(), cx, cy);
    let t = clamp_f(d / max_d, 0.0, 1.0);
    // interpolate from original colour to purple tint
    let new_r = lerp(r.to_float(), 80.0, t).to_int();
    let new_b = lerp(b.to_float(), 180.0, t).to_int();
    [new_r, g, new_b, a]
});

Open the Script Editor.

Download PaintFE and open View → Script Editor to start.

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